History lesson please

DAPNET Forums Archive Forums Draft Animal Power Oxen History lesson please

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  • #41999
    jac
    Participant

    Can any of you oxen owners point me in the right direction for a web page relating to the numbers and usage of oxen in around 1750-1800… primarily in Scotland.. The reason I ask is I am starting a project at Robert Burns cottage in Alloway.. his birthplace. The project revolves round the Clydesdale horse and we are planning workshops around the horses role in agriculture at that time. Eventualy we will reinstate the small field at the rear of the cottage into the market garden the Burns father had at the time of the birth of the poet… however I have an idea for another avenue of thought… could it be possible that oxen were the power source at that time. Burns father was very poor and horses cost a fortune at that time.. also the stalls in the cottage seem very small so I wondered if it was possible that oxen were the power source… thank you in advance people….
    John

    #62386
    Marshall
    Participant

    I don’t know a thing about it, but it seems to make sense. If you have a cow she could do field work and produce milk. Then you only have one animal to feed instead of two.

    #62392

    exactly how it worked in Germany: mostly oxen (and those were for the better-off farmers) and cows doing the work
    no idea about scotland though
    good luck for your enterprise

    #62404
    jac
    Participant

    Thanks guys.. that was what i was thinking too. The people at the Centre are under the impression that the Clydesdale horse was used ?!? but the closest horse to a Clyd at that point in history was a Highland Garron… It would be great to find some evidence but because Burns wasnt famous at that time there is little written records..
    John

    #62388
    bivol
    Participant

    @jac 21024 wrote:

    Can any of you oxen owners point me in the right direction for a web page relating to the numbers and usage of oxen in around 1750-1800… primarily in Scotland.. The reason I ask is I am starting a project at Robert Burns cottage in Alloway.. his birthplace. The project revolves round the Clydesdale horse and we are planning workshops around the horses role in agriculture at that time. Eventualy we will reinstate the small field at the rear of the cottage into the market garden the Burns father had at the time of the birth of the poet… however I have an idea for another avenue of thought… could it be possible that oxen were the power source at that time. Burns father was very poor and horses cost a fortune at that time.. also the stalls in the cottage seem very small so I wondered if it was possible that oxen were the power source… thank you in advance people….
    John

    hi everyone! long time no see!

    in short:
    yes, yes, yes!

    i think oxen above both horses and cows in scotland at the time period! and about stables, i could it have been that they kept their livestock outside most of the time?

    historically and culturally oxen seem the most plausable solution. this is because if you look to compare any other similar agricultiure system, like those surviving in peru or ethiopia, (small fields, rocky soil, no animal fodder production) oxen are used, and not cows.

    this is because cows require additional feeding, something that wouldn’t have been very common or probable in scotland at that time. which rules out horses, too.

    other common traits of there substinence farming systems are:

    -care is given to have a maximum amount of animals on a certain space no matter their state.

    -animals are not selected, they are primitive breeds

    -husbandry hasn’t advanced up to the diary level – animals are kept as -status symbols, for meat and for work, and little or no for milk.

    -oxen are valued over cows, and are given better care than cows.

    herding systems of scotland have lots in common with husbandry practices in, say, croatia at that time.

    now, i guess the following: oxen were definitelly used, either way. in case of multiple teams oxen would again be picked cause they’re cheaper.

    anyway, found this article, could help. http://www.foxearth.org.uk/oxen.html

    here is something about cultivation in scotland in the period http://www.electricscotland.com/history/rural_life4.htm

    here is the entire book http://www.electricscotland.com/history/rural_lifendx.htm

    numbering… complicated at least. my guess is to see how much land was tilled at that time, and calculate the number of oxen that way – only have to see how much can an ox team plow in a season.

    and divide it into two cathegories: big relativelly fertile land in lowlands under “maybe horses”, and check that out more.
    in highlands how much land, acres, calculate under definitelly oxen.

    (Joe, didn’t forget, just now got out of trouble, will resume writing soon!)

    hope i was of help, good luck!

    #62407
    dlskidmore
    Participant

    @jac 21024 wrote:

    numbers and usage of oxen in around 1750-1800… primarily in Scotland… could it be possible that oxen were the power source at that time.

    We actually had this discussion recently. Mitchmaine provided the data, he may be able to refer you to sources. Of note: “oxen hit their high mark in maine as choice for draft power In 1858”. Dates likely differed between the US and Scotland, but without the westward expansion and associated fast travel needs, I doubt Scotland was much quicker in this conversion.

    #62405
    jac
    Participant

    Thanks everybody… thats the trouble with being away from this forum for any length of time dl… i miss all the good bits.. Bivol how do you find all these nuggets of info.. thanks and I will keep you posted on how it pans out…
    John

    #62389
    bivol
    Participant

    dlskidmore, do you mean conversion to horses?
    i have fairly big holes in knowledge concerning this, but taking the terrain, climate and soil types of scotland in consideration, i’d say that conversion to horses on any significant scale would have been unlikelly, at least in highlands.

    and also, scotland resembles maine a lot because maine also has stony soil, little farms,.. and oxen never really left maine, so…

    about “primitive farming” in scotland… scotland was one of the countries whose authors were significant to the start of the second agr. revolution, from what i remember.
    whatever the impact of these writings had in the lowlands i wonder how much they changed the agriculture in the highlands?

    jac, i patch them up from everywhere, little bits of various stuff i happen to know, but as long as it serves the purpose i think it’s ok.

    #62408
    dlskidmore
    Participant

    @bivol 21094 wrote:

    dlskidmore, do you mean conversion to horses?
    i have fairly big holes in knowledge concerning this, but taking the terrain, climate and soil types of scotland in consideration, i’d say that conversion to horses on any significant scale would have been unlikelly, at least in highlands.

    Yes. Mitchmaine’s data indicated that after 1858 Oxen declined in prominence and horses rose. By 1880 horses outnumbered oxen, but there were still 45,000 steers and oxen in the state of Maine. In the previous conversation we had the same speculation, that rough terrain and bad roads led to the choice of oxen over horses, and that horses rose in prominence as the roads became better.

    #62399
    mitchmaine
    Participant

    Good morning guys. I have a couple books of old archival photos of early maine with text descriptions. Not tables or statistics at all, but little footnotes with some numbers on how life was behind the photographs.
    Leaves you to think, because of fish first and ships later, farming and wood, we were quite prosperous or at least busy feeding the port cities of colonial America. Then the railroads and canals finally made it to the Midwest and the tide turned and we became self sustaining and traded amongst ourselves. So we turned to textiles and let ourselves get fed with the Midwestern food, and now the industry is about gone, but we are still used to buying in our food. That’s a hard habit to break.
    I think there are a lot of similarities between northern new England and northern old England. Especially on the ground.
    One thing of interest was that in our “hayday” of shipping (which died overnight in the 1890 when Scotland shipyards started building iron ships), one of our biggest imports was the sugar trade with the west indies. Wheat went down and cane came back, and Portland had about a dozen distilleries making rum. Rum was our oil and we ran our workforce on it. Along with smallwages, was an allotment of rum for a days pay. So some things don’t change that much.

    Good day to you all, mitch

    #62406
    jac
    Participant

    Yep Scotland has invented pretty much everything :D.. Bivol is right when he says a lot of shakers and movers in agriculture were Scottish . Oliver was born in Selkirk but moved to the US and the rest is history… The west of Scotland was the last to change from oxen to horses and from horses to tractor.. mostly i think because of the smaller farms and perhaps the wetter climate.. Maine certainly sounds like the west of Scotland Mitch..
    John

    #62395
    Nat(wasIxy)
    Participant

    Thinking of the image of highland life I have, would much draft have been used at all? Did they do arable or logging? Light draft such as packing goods and travel etc. could easily have been done by native ponies or equally, local cattle. If they were mostly just grazing stuff up in the mountains that would be all that was needed. Or is this place a bit lower and more hospitable for a bit more serious ‘farming’ rather than grazing and subsistence?

    just thinking aloud…

    #62403
    jac
    Participant

    Hi Ixy.. yes the highlands are totaly diferent from south west Scotland.. the highlands were more a grazing society. The area im talking of is the lowlands and was more cropping and grazing. Robert Burns father was a poor market gardener who I doubt could afford a horse in the 1740s but the national trust are keen to play up the Clydesdale horse connection which will be historicly incorrect… but then a lot of folks think Mel Gibsons version of events are true:rolleyes:..
    John

    #62383
    goodcompanion
    Participant

    @jac 21102 wrote:

    . but then a lot of folks think Mel Gibsons version of events are true:rolleyes:..
    John

    I guess a bit of misinformation is the price of freedom. Or perhaps the price of…

    FREEEEEEEDOMMM!

    Anyway, I remember reading that Rabbie Burns wasna sae mich o’ a farmer. That it was more his brother Gilbert who took care of the farm while Robert ran around Ayrshire precipitating crises with various women. But steady-state farmers are boring, who wants to read about them?

    #62385
    Rick Alger
    Participant

    Don’t know about Scotland, but in Ireland I believe a lot of gardens were dug by hand.

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