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well you want to make the scottian design for a neck yoke. this is a bit tricky, because it has to be adjusted to horns. unknown to teamsters in usa actually a majority of head yokes is unadjustable, and they work well. here are some pictures, and unless you want a scottian head yoke and nothing else, use your creativity to make these.
in the book about oxen yokes are prefered to collars. if a collar is to be used, it’s the best to use the swiss three pad collar, developed especially for the bovine anatomy.
when using the collar the advantages over a yoke are that the animals can differ in size, and that hornless animals can also be worked.
the bad thing is that no matter what the design, the collar is more complicated to maintain.also, go to this page: http://prairieoxdrovers.com/collars.html
maybe the forehead padded yoke could intrest you. less maintainence
good luck!
well, you see, goodcompanion, if you keep female elephants, and provided they weren’t abused by previous owners, you can get what you wanted for logging or plowing. riding an 8 feet high elephant while plowing is certanly more unique than driving horses. elephants are a comitement, but i guess if one has other animals this adition should be no big problem.but, elephants can be plodders.:(
i think this on the picture is a female elephant. they are calmer.
but horses and mules unfamiliar with sioght and smell of elephants can panic in their presence.
here’s a real article i found, from NY times:
[HTML]In Asia, the elephant is used for all manner of labor, perhaps most notably for hauling logs in areas where tractors cannot go. But Africans have traditionally steered clear of their elephants, a bigger, more skittish breed that kills people every year and is widely believed to be untamable.
So it was not all that surprising that the visitors from Zimbabwe’s Institute of Agriculture Engineering kept a good distance and even a car or a tree between themselves and Nyasha recently when the four-and-half-ton, 10-foot-tall adolescent elephant was busy plowing.
”It is looking as though it is not pulling anything, and those furrows are very deep,” said Basilio Chikwanda, a teacher at the Harare-based institute who had brought nine students to the spectacle. ”As a source of power it is quite interesting.” Then he stepped behind a car.
The owners of the Imire Game Park here have started an unusual effort to train their six young elephants to work. Already, their rangers ride the enormous beasts on anti-poaching patrols around the 7,000-acre park.
”A chap on an elephant sees a lot further in the bush than when he’s just on the ground.” said Peter Musavaya, 22, the ranger in charge of the training. ”And it makes quite an impression on the poachers.”
The elephants also cart tourists around. And while the plowing is still in its early stages, everyone here expects the elephants to prepare the fields for next year’s feed crops.
The game park business is competitive these days and it does not hurt to have such a novelty. But the owner of the Imire Game Park, Norman Travers, is also hoping that his experiment catches on elsewhere.
In much of southern Africa, there is no shortage of elephants and in some parts their overbrowsing is causing ecological damage that threatens other species, not to mention extensive damage to crops and risk to the farmers and their families when hungry elephants stray from their reserves. Whether culling is necessary is a constant debate.
”How can we make use of the surplus rather than kill them?” Mr. Travers asked. ”Can we maybe see a future for them through this? Using them for anti-poaching, to me that is ideal.”
Despite the widespread belief that African elephants are untrainable, zoo keepers and circus trainers say they are actually more intelligent than their Indian relatives and, with patience, quite trainable. They point out that Hannibal rode African elephants over the Alps and into battle with the Romans.
”If you draw a parallel with a horse, the African elephant would be like the Arabian thoroughbred — sensitive, very bright,” said Jim Stockley, a South Africa-based trainer who has prepared African elephants for circuses, zoos and movies.
At Imire, the training system is love and reward, which means lots of talking, stroking and food. ”Our basic rule is to never hurt the elephant,” Mr. Musavaya said. ”If you do something he thinks is unfair, if you hit him or don’t feed him, he’ll remember. And one day he’ll bonker you.”
The training starts off by naming a part of the body — literally pointing out a leg, saying ”leg” and lifting your own dozens of times.
”He’ll look at you for two days, thinking, ‘What’s this all about?’ ” Mr. Musavaya said. ”But on maybe the third day he’ll lift that leg just a little bit. That’s when you shove his mouth full of oranges and pat him all over and give him lots of praise. The next day he’ll be lifting that leg way up.”
Plowing took a bit longer. Mr. Travers has documented the first efforts on his home video system, and he is glad to show them off. ”Not exactly the straightest of furrows,” Mr. Travers narrates over equally wobbly camera work. ”But for the first time ever, it’s really not so bad.”
A big drawback to putting elephants to work is how much they eat — up to 500 pounds of forage a day. A tractor would cost less. But at Imire, the tourists pay the bills, and when it comes to what they would rather ride, or see plowing the fields, an elephant will always beat a tractor.
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here’s what i found: a bull elephant pulling a 3-tonn log. if the elephant has about 5 tonns, it’s easy to see how many horses would be needed.
good points:
1)actually, elephants are more vertisale than either horses, mules or oxen at logging, because these species can only pull logs, and elephants can pull carry, push, and sort logs.
2)another advantage of elephants is ease of harnessing: they need only a breast strap and a back pad
[IMG]http://lh6.ggpht.com/_YpyRdS6ix2s/Rij85L9R7wI/AAAAAAAAAaw/bY7XmIRtzsU/IMG_0532.JPG[/IMG]3)drivers can work from the back, from behind and from the side
disadvantages:
1)the main disadvantage is that elephants are NOT domesticated, they are tamed wild animals. this means no selection work was done to reduce aggresiviness and to get a more reliable animal.
2)bull elephants cannot be castraterd without an operation. but more, they enter a phase known as “musth” when their sexuality awakens and they are extremelly aggressive and tend to dominate everything around. an experienced mahout knows when his elephant is entering this phase and the only way is to chain the elephant to something solid.
3)elephants have slower reproduction and growth cyrcle than horses and mules, and are rarelly bred in captivity because an elephant matures too slowelly.
4) oh yeah, they also eat 500 pounds of roughage every day, and drink a lot of water.
a bull elephant in musth.note the liquid substance flowing down the feet. this secterion makes them extremelly angry.thank you for showing such intrest for the topic. frankly, i don’t know which system hurts the oxen, rings or rope. i think, if used improperly, any system hurts. so, i’d like to here you people who use nose-rings to drive your oxen to
and about htat what i said, that anyone can drive them with lines, that was wrong, sorry:p. what i meant is that a complete stranger, if showed how to do it, can easier control oxen with lines, than with his voice alone.
if someone here drives oxen with nose rings, please put some pictures. i searched across the net, and could barrely find anything, except in Cuba.
the nose rings used in italy on chianina cattle are elongated, broad and do not deforme the nose the way an usual nose-ring does. i have no objections to this kind of nose ring.here are some pictures from germany
this cow is worked in 3-pad collar, a collar invented specifically for cattle.
[IMG][IMG][IMG]http://images.google.hr/imgres?imgurl=http://www.fao.org/DOCREP/V0600T/v0600T0w.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.fao.org/DOCREP/V0600T/V0600T0J.HTM&h=343&w=500&sz=29&hl=hr&start=2&um=1&tbnid=EsLAbAoDwaMYDM:&tbnh=89&tbnw=130&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dthree-pad%2Bcollar%26um%3D1%26hl%3Dhr%26sa%3DN[/IMG]
i’m new here, this is my first time replying … anyway, about the thread.
unknown to the most of us of the western civilization, who historically predominantly yoked their cattle in pairs, in the east, china japan, and neighbouring countries cattle have predominantly been yoked alone to work in rice fields. there are few reasons for it. first, they plowed flooded rice fields, and flooded earth is easier to plow…
it is quite possible to have cattle worked alone, and for a small farm or ackerage a single ox can be an ideal animal.
a single ox, if harnessed trained and conditioned properly, can plow, only at a slowwer pace, which iks probably good, considering that you probably didn’t plow with animals before.
oxen are smart. they can learn to work alone,with person giving commands from behind.
a holstein should be an ideal working animal for working singly. it is big enough to accomplish any task, and docile enough for a begginer.
i remember this from “oxen: a teamster’s guide”:people consider a single ox a novelty rather than a real working animal and take a rather casual approach in training it. the single ox, however, is a working animal, and if trained properly, can do the same amount of work as a pair, only at a slower pace.
this a boshkarin ox working alone in Histria, Croatia.
[IMG]http://http://images.google.hr/imgres?imgurl=http://lh3.ggpht.com/_zzhjRcH9tWo/RniYATcVBfI/AAAAAAAAF9I/wIStmwmBlas/IMG_0040.jpg&imgrefurl=http://picasaweb.google.com/lh/photo/PNRP6wZD4jK-Q0q518kn9A&h=1200&w=1600&sz=156&hl=hr&start=82&um=1&tbnid=rMtiGN0JKYA7SM:&tbnh=107&tbnw=143&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dwater%2Bbuffalo%2Bplowing%26start%3D72%26ndsp%3D18%26um%3D1%26hl%3Dhr%26sa%3DN[/IMG]
[IMG]http://photos.uncdf.org/thailand/webpages/previews/2707.tif[/IMG]
